Example and Utility Procedures
The Terrapin Logo CD contains many example programs and utilities that are automatically installed with the installation of Terrapin Logo. These example procedures illustrate programming concepts, provide tools that make Logo easier to use for different purposes, and can also just be fun to use.
The list below documents the example programs and utilities on the current Terrapin Logo CD that were installed in the Terrapin Logo directory if defaults were accepted during installation. All may be loaded into Logo and run and loaded into the Logo editor and examined.
Improving and extending these procedures is a good way to improve Logo programming skills while using progamming concepts and code from these example programs in your own procedures can greatly enhance them.
Card Trick - Pick a card and Logo will guess which one it is every time! These procedures illustrate management of bitmap objects and use of program controls as well as encapsulating the logic of the trick in procedures. The file includes debugging aids and suggestions for changes and extensions.
Coordmove - Move the turtle by specifying cartesian coordinates rather than turtle commands. Coordmove illustrates this by having the turtle write in cursive letters.
Hello - More freehand turtle graphics using coordinates.
Juggling - The turtle juggles three multi-colored balls. An advanced version of this program shows the turtle juggling juggling turtles! These procedures illustrate changing the size of the turtle as well as its interactions with bitmaps.
OneKey - These procedures allow moving and drawing with the turtle using single keystrokes, such as F, B, L, and R. This program provides a simple introduction to Logo without the requirement of keyboard skills or experience.
ScatterGrams - ScatterGrams is a sophisticated jumbled word game for two players that can be played at varying levels of difficulty. ScatterGrams is a fun game in itself and illustrates how Logo can be used to create button-controlled multi-player games. Scatter Grams illustrates the coordinated use of program controls, bitmap objects, conditionals, words and lists, and sounds.
Shuffle - Visually shuffle a deck of cards using the built-in playing card images. Shuffling illustrates bitmap management, especially control of how bitmaps are arranged in relation to each other.
Signature - This program signs the author’s name. Can you adjust it to sign yours? (Hint: Study COORDMOVE for ideas on moving the turtle with cartesian coordinates.)
Sliding Tile Puzzle - Try the Logo version of the popular sliding tile puzzle and see if you can arrange the squares to complete the design. This program illustrates the use of bimaps and graphics, program controls, and interaction with the mouse and is fun to play!
Music (in the Examples folder)
Concert - The first movement of Jean-Joseph Mouret’s First Suite in D is played repeatedly, each time using a different instrument, until all of the available instruments have been sampled.
Elise - These procedures play Beethoven’s For Elise and illustrate changing tempo and the arrangement of musical sections.
Partita - These procedures play Bach’s Partita in E and illustrate using Logo to play a single musical voice.
Piano - The procedures in the Piano file combine music with graphics. When loaded, they draw a piano keyboard in the graphics window which can be played by clicking on the keys with the mouse.
Toccata - These procedures play the first part of Bach’s Toccata and Fugue in D Minor and illustrate using Logo to play multiple voices.
Robots(in the Examples folder)
The Robots folder contains procedures relating to external robotic devices. Logo has long been an ideal language for emulating and controlling robots and these procedures assit in doing that.
Bee-Bot - The Bee-Bot program emulates the Bee-Bot robot on the Logo graphics screen. It offers a transition from programming the Bee-Bot robot directly and programming the Logo turtle on the screen.
RCX - The RCX program contains procedures that may be used to control the Lego RCX robot controller. These are documented in Chapter 7 of the Terrapin Logo Reference Manual entitled “Using the Lego RCX with Terrapin Logo.
NXT - The NXT program contains procedures that may be used to control the Lego NXT robot controller. These are documented in the Version3 Features PDF file on the Terrapin Logo CD.
The files in the Logo Works folder accompany Logo Works: Lessons in Logo, a 46-lesson step-by-step guide to programming in Logo using turtle graphics. Start off with moving the turtle and progress through angles, repeating, and the total turtle trip to procedures, calling procedures, and recursion. Each lesson includes examples, activities and challenges. Logo Works was written by a group of teachers for their students in 4th-8th grades. Click here for more information or to purchase.
The Sounds folder contains a wide variety of .wav pre-recorded sounds that can be invoked with the PLAY command. Type PLAY “DOG to hear a dog bark or PLAY “TELEPHONE to hear a phone ring.
PLAY automatically looks in the Sounds folder for its input, so no path is needed to PLAY .wav files located there. Other .wav files may be put in the Sounds folder in addition to the 54 files that come with Logo and PLAY will find them automatically too.
The ToolBox folder contains the images which can be dragged and dropped onto the Logo Graphics window from the ToolBox. Default categories include
Additional .JPG or .BMP images that are added to these folders are automatically included in the ToolBox and can be accessed through it. Additional categories may be added by creating new folders. Note that Logo must be exited and started again for the ToolBox to incorporate changes.
The files in the Utilities folder are useful tools for Logo programming.
Animation - Animate the turtle by changing its shape.
Extensions - The SWITCH procedure in the Extensions file simulates the switch/case statement found in other languages.
LogoPLUS - The procedures in the LogoPLUS file make Terrapin Logo more compatible with files written in Logo PLUS, an earlier version of Logo from Terrapin for the Macintosh. Click here for information on upgrading.
PCLogo - The procedures in the PCLogo file make Terrapin Logo more compatible with files written in PC Logo, an earlier version of Logo from Terrapin for Windows. Click here for information on upgrading.
PLISTTool - The PLISTTool file contains useful additions to the capability of Logo property lists.
Sort - The Sort file contains useful procedures for sorting alphanumeric lists.
TurtleTools - The Turtle Tools include useful procedures for managing multiple turtles.
