Musical Notes: A B C D E F G P (for pause)

Note prefixes: An integer immediately preceding a note determines its duration. 1 is a whole note, 2 is a half note, 4 is a quarter note, 8 is an eighth note, etc.

Note suffixes: # following a note indicates it is a sharp note, b following a note indicates it is a flat note; . following a note extends its duration to 3/2 time when appended to the note. An integer between 0 and 6 sets the octave for the note.

Octaves: O followed by an integer between 0 and 6 sets the octave which is preset to 4. O# raises one octave, Ob lowers one octave

Tempo: T followed by an integer sets the tempo in units of quarter notes per minute. T is preset to 120.

Note length: L followed by an integer sets the default note length if no duration is specified with the individual note. L is preset to 4 (for quarter notes).

Reset: R resets note length, octave, tempo, and staccato to their preset values. Changes in these values are preserved during multiple calls to PLAY unless they are changed again or reset to their preset values. Also, all playing of music is stopped.

Output channel: M followed by a value from 1 to 16 selects a MIDI output channel. Each channel is capable of playing chords using a specific instrument. Channel 10 is reserved for drums sounds, where every note is a specific drum sound.

Instruments: I followed by an instrument number selects a speficic instrument for a channel.

Volume: V followed by a number between 0 and 127 sets the volume for the following notes or chords.

Staccato: S followed by a number between 0 and 99 sets the staacato effect for the following notes or chords. The higher the value is, the shorter the note is played. S0 is perfect legato. The value is preset to 10.

Chords: A list within the PLAY list is treated as a chord. The highest values for intervals and length specifiers are used. PLAY [C [C E G O# C] Ob E] will play a C, a chord ending with a high C and an E.

The plus (+) sign: Causes all following notes to be played as long as possible until a pause is found or the list ends.

If PLAY is used with a word as input, Logo assumes a file name for a waveform file. Logo plays this file. Sound files usually end with .WAV on Windows. On the Macintosh, there are no special endings which describe sound files.

sounds an A-sharp half note, pauses for the duration of a half note, lowers by one octave, and sounds an A-flat quarter note.

PLAY "|C:\WINDOWS\DING.WAV|

The Windows waveform file DING.WAV is played.

The standard MIDI instrument assignments are based on the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA) General MIDI Mode specification. Following are the standard MIDI assignments.

Piano	Chromatic Percussion	Organ
0 Acoustic grand piano	8 Celesta	16 Hammond organ
1 Bright acoustic piano	9 Glockenspiel	17 Percussive organ
2 Electric grand piano	10 Music box	18 Rock organ
3 Honky-tonk piano	11 Vibraphone	19 Church organ
4 Rhodes piano	12 Marimba	20 Reed organ
5 Chorused piano	13 Xylophone	21 Accordion
6 Harpsichord	14 Tubular bells	22 Harmonica
7 Clavinet	15 Dulcimer	23 Tango accordion
Guitar	Bass	Strings
24 Acoustic guitar (nylon)	32 Acoustic bass	40 Violin
25 Acoustic guitar (steel)	33 Electric bass (finger)	41 Viola
26 Electric guitar (jazz)	34 Electric bass (pick)	42 Cello
27 Electric guitar (clean)	35 Fretless bass	43 Contrabass
28 Electric guitar (muted)	36 Slap bass 1	44 Tremolo strings
29 Overdriven guitar	37 Slap bass 2	45 Pizzicato strings
30 Distortion guitar	38 Synth bass 1	46 Orchestral harp
31 Guitar harmonics	39 Synth bass 2	47 Timpani
Ensemble	Brass	Reed
48 String ensemble 1	56 Trumpet	64 Soprano sax
49 String ensemble 2	57 Trombone	65 Alto sax
50 Synth. strings 1	58 Tuba	66 Tenor sax
51 Synth. strings 2	59 Muted trumpet	67 Baritone sax
52 Choir Aahs	60 French horn	68 Oboe
53 Voice Oohs	61 Brass section	69 English horn
54 Synth voice	62 Synth. brass 1	70 Bassoon
55 Orchestra hit	63 Synth. brass 2	71 Clarinet
Pipe	Synth Lead	Synth Pad
72 Piccolo	80 Lead 1 (square)	88 Pad 1 (new age)
73 Flute	81 Lead 2 (sawtooth)	89 Pad 2 (warm)
74 Recorder	82 Lead 3 (calliope lead)	90 Pad 3 (polysynth)
75 Pan flute	83 Lead 4 (chiff lead)	91 Pad 4 (choir)
76 Bottle blow	84 Lead 5 (charang)	92 Pad 5 (bowed)
77 Shakuhachi	85 Lead 6 (voice)	93 Pad 6 (metallic)
78 Whistle	86 Lead 7 (fifths)	94 Pad 7 (halo)
79 Ocarina	87 Lead 8 (brass + lead)	95 Pad 8 (sweep)
Sound Effects
120 Guitar fret noise
121 Breath noise
122 Seashore
123 Bird tweet
124 Telephone ring
125 Helicopter
126 Applause
127 Gunshot

General MIDI Percussion Key Map

The standard MIDI drum effect assignments are based on the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA) General MIDI Mode specification. Following are the standard MIDI assignments. They can be used as note values on channel 10. The command PLAY [M10 N55] would cause the Splash Cymbal to sound.

35 Acoustic Bass Drum	36 Bass Drum 1	37 Side Stick
38 Acoustic Snare	39 Hand Clap	40 Electric Snare
41 Low Floor Tom	42 Closed Hi-Hat	43 High Floor Tom
44 Pedal Hi-Hat	45 Low Tom	46 Open Hi-Hat
47 Low-Mid Tom	48 Hi-Mid Tom	49 Crash Cymbal 1
50 High Tom	51 Ride Cymbal 1	52 Chinese Cymbal
53 Ride Bell	54 Tambourine	55 Splash Cymbal
56 Cowbell	57 Crash Cymbal 2	58 Vibraslap
59 Ride Cymbal 2	60 Hi Bongo	61 Low Bongo
62 Mute Hi Conga	63 Open Hi Conga	64 Low Conga
65 High Timbale	66 Low Timbale	67 High Agogo
68 Low Agogo	69 Cabasa	70 Maracas
71 Short Whistle	72 Long Whistle	73 Short Guiro
74 Long Guiro	75 Claves	76 Hi Wood Block
77 Low Wood Block	78 Mute Cuica	79 Open Cuica
80 Mute Triangle	81 Open Triangle