Alphabetical List of Commands Table of Contents

A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M
N	O	P	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X	Y	Z
Comparison					Number Prefixes

A Top
ABS	reports the absolute value of a number
ACTIVEWINDOW	reports the name of the active graphics window
AGET	retrieves an array element
ALERT	displays an alert box
ALIAS	defines an alias name
ALLTURTLES	outputs a list of all turtles
AND	performs a logical AND
APPENDMENU	appends a new menu
APPENDMENUCOMMAND	appends a new menu item and attaches it to a Logo command list
APPENDMENUITEM	appends a new menu item and defines a menu item ID
APPLY	applies a parameter list to a procedure
"AQUA	a color name
ARCCOS (ACOS)	reports the arccosine
ARCCOT (ACOT)	reports the arccotangent
ARCCSC (ACSC)	reports the arccosecant
ARCSEC (ASEC)	reports the arcsecant
ARCSIN (ASIN)	reports the arcsine
ARCTAN (ATAN)	reports the arctangent
ARRAY	creates an array
ARRAY?	checks for a name being an array
ARRAYDIMS	outputs the dimension list of an array
ASCII	converts a character into its ASCII value
ASET	stores an array element
ASK	runs a list of commands for a specific object
B Top
BACK	move the turtle backwards
BACKGROUND (BG)	outputs the background color
BACKTRACE (BT)	prints a backtrace in the debugger window
:BASE	sets the numeric base used when printing numbers
BASECOLOR	coerces a color value to a basic Logo color number
BEEP	causes the RCX device to beep
BGPATTERN	reports the background pattern
"BLACK	a color name
"BLUE	a color name
"BROWN	a color name
"BROWNISH	a color name
BURIEDNAMES	reports a list of all buried names
BURIEDPROCS	reports a list of all buried procedures
BURIEDPROPS	reports a list of all buried properties
BURY	buries a Logo name and its contents
BURYALL	buries evetything in the workspace
BURYNAME	buries a name
BURYPROC	buries a procedure definition
BURYPROP	buries a property
BUTFIRST (BF)	strips off the first elements of its input
BUTLAST (BL)	strips off the last element of its input
BUTMEMBER (BM)	removes an element from its input
BUTTON?	reports the state of the (left) mouse button
BYE	prompts to exit Logo
BYTEARRAY	creates a bytearray
BYTEARRAY?	check for a name being a bytearray
C Top
:CASE	controls how user input is converted
CATCH	catches runtime errors
CHAR	converts a number into a character
CLEAN	erases the graphics screen
CLEARINPUT	clears all input from a stream
CLEARSCREEN (CS)	clears the graphics window
CLEARTEXT (CT)	clears the Listener window
CLOSEWINDOW	closes a window
COLORPICKER	the color picker window
COLORS	outputs a list of available color names
COMMAND	executes a menu command by ID
COMPUTE	performs a variable computation inside the RCX device
CONFIGURE	configure a serial port
CONTENTS	outputs a list of all Logo names
CONTINUE	continues the execution of a Logo program
COPYDEF	copies a procedure definition
COS	reports the cosine
COT	reports the cotangent
COUNT	counts the number of items in its input
CREATE	creates a file
CSC	reports the cosecant
CTURTLES	activates the specified number of turtes and arranges them in a circle
CURDIR	outputs the current working directory
:CURRENT.GRAPHICS	The currently active graphics window (read only)
:CURRENT.WINDOW	The currently active window
"CYAN	a color name
D Top
"DARKBLUE	a color name
"DARKGREEN	a color name
"DARKRED	a color name
:DATADIR	the Logo data directory
DATE	reports the date
DECLARE (DCL)	creates an object
DEFINE	defines a procedure
DEFINED?	checks whether a procedure is defined
DELETE	deletes a file
DELETEMENU	deletes a menu
DELETEMENUITEM	deletes a menu item
DIFFERENCE (-)	outputs the difference of two or more numbers
DIRECTORY	outputs a directory listing
DISCARD	discards pending input
DISTANCE	reports the distance between the turtle and a location
DOT	paints a dot
DOT?	checks whether a dot is present at the turtle's position
DOTCOLOR	reports the color of the dot underneath the turtle
DOWNLOAD	downloads a program to the RCX device
DRAW	clears the graphics window and resets the turtles
E Top
EACH	applies a runlist to every element of a list
EDIT	edits a Logo name
EDITSHAPE	edits a turtle shape
EDL	opens the visual list editor with the contents of the specified list displayed
EDN	edits Logo names
EDP	opens the property editor for a Logo name
ELSE	part of the IF command
EMPTY?	checks whether a name is empty
END	ends a procedure definition
EOF?	outputs TRUE if the current stream ist at EOF
EQUAL?	tests two objects for equality
ERASE	erases a Logo name
ERN	erases all names
:ERROR	contains the code of the last runtime error
:ERRORTEXT	contains the text of the last runtime error
EVERY	outputs a list of objects
EXIT	prompts to exit Logo
EXPN	calculates the natural base e raised to a power
EXTENT	reports the coordinate extent of a turtle
F Top
FENCE	fences all turtles inside the window
FILE.INFO	reports information about a file
FILE?	checks for the presence of a file
FILL	fills an area
FILLARRAY	fills an array with values
FINDMENUID	find the ID for a menu item
FIRST	reports the first element of its input
FONT	reports the current turtle font
FONTS	outputs a list of all available fonts
FOR	runs a list for a defined number of times
FOREACH	runs a list for each element of a list replacing ? with the element name
FORWARD	moves the turtle forward
FPUT	prepends an element to its input
FROMMEMBER (FM)	removes the first part of its input until a pattern is found
FULLSCREEN (FS)	maximizes the current Graphics window
G Top
GETBYTE	reads one byte fomr the input stream
GETSTEPSIZE	obtains the current step size for the specified object
GETXY	reports the turtle's position
GLIST	reports the property lists that contain a property with a given name
GO	jumps to a label inside a procedure
"GOLD	a color name
GPROP	retrieves a property
GRAPHICS	the name of the first graphics window
"GRAY	a color name
"GREEN	a color name
GRID	sets the grid scale
GRIDOFF	makes a visible grid invisible
GRIDON	makes a grid visible in the Graphics window
H Top
HALT	halts background procedures
HEADING	reports the heading of the turtle
HELP	displays help for a command
HIDETURTLE (HT)	hides the turtle
HIT?	tests whether a dot or an object touches another object
HOME	moves the turtle back to [0 0]
I Top
IF	runs a list based on a condition
IFFALSE (IFF)	runs a list if TEST was false
IFTRUE (IFT)	runs a list if TEST was true
IGNORE	ignore the output of a procedure
INT	reports the integer part of a number
IS.A	check an object for being of a specific type
ITEM	returns a specific element of its input
K Top
KEY	returns a key typed at the keyboard
L Top
LABEL	marks a target for the GO command
LAST	reports the last element of its input
LAUNCH	launches a background procedure
LEFT	turns the turtle left
LIGHT	turns a light on a robot device on or off
LIGHT?	checks whether a light on a robot device is on or off
"LIME	a color name
LIST	concatenates its inputs to a list
LIST?	checks for its input being a list
LISTARRAY	outputs the contents of an array as a list
LISTENER	the name of the listener window
LOAD	loads workspaces
LOADENV	loads environments
LOADLOG	uploads the RCX log
LOADPIC	loads a picture
LOADSHAPE	loads a turtle shape
LOADSNAP	loads a bitmap
LOCAL	declares local variables inside a procedure
LOCKSHAPE	inhibits the turtle shape from turning
LOG	outputs the natural logarithm of its input
LOG10	outputs the logarithm of its input
LOGAND	combines its inputs with a boolean AND operation
LOGNOT	inverts the bits of its input
:LOGODIR	reports the directory where the Logo program is in
LOGOR	combines its inputs with a boolean OR operation
LOGXOR	combines its inputs with a boolean XOR operation
LOWERCASE	converts its argument to lower case
LPUT	appends an element to its input
LSH	left-shifts its input
LTURTLES	activates the specified number of turtles and arranges them in a line
M Top
"MAGENTA	a color name
MAKE	assigns a value to a name
MEMBER?	checks for an element being a member of its input
MIXEDCASE	converts its argument to mixed case
MOTOR	turns a motor on or off
MOTOR?	check whether a motor is turned on
MOUSE	reports the position of the mouse cursor
MOUSESHAPE	reports the shape of the mouse cursor
N Top
NAME	assigns a value to a name
NAME?	checks whether its input is assigned a value
NAMELIST	outputs a list of all defined names
"NAVY	a color name
NEW	creates a new Logo object
NODES	estimates the number of available Logo nodes
NOT	negates its input
NOT.EQUAL?	tests its inputs for inequality
NUMBER?	checks its input for being a number
NXT.CLOSE	closes the connection to the NXT device
NXT.IOMAP.READ	reads the specified IO map on the NXT device
NXT.OFF	turns off the NXT device
NXT.OPEN	opens the connection to the NXT device
NXT.PORTS	supplies a list of available communication ports for the NXT device
O Top
ONCOMMAND	defines a Logo runlist for a menu ID
OPEN	opens a file
OPEN.OUTPUT	opens an Output window
OPEN.PORT	opens a serial port
OR	performs a logical OR on its input
"ORANGE	a color name
ORIGIN	reports the origin of a turtle's coordinate system
OUTPUT (OP)	halts a procedure and outputs a value
P Top
PANGLE	reports the polar angle
PARSE	parses a string and outputs a list
PATTERN	reports the turtle's pattern
PAUSE	opens the Debugger window
PDIST	calculates the polar distance
PEEKBYTE	reports the next byte of the input stream without reading it
PEN	reports the pen mode
PENCOLOR (PC)	outputs the pen color
PENDOWN (PD)	puts the pen down
PENDOWN?	checks whether the pen is down
PENERASE (PE)	the pen draws with the background color
PENREVERSE (PX)	the pen inverts all colors
PENUP (PU)	the pen moves up
PHEADING	reports the polar heading
PI	reports the number Pi
PICK	randomly picks an element
:PICTURE.FORMAT	contains the format for storing pictures in
"PINK	a color name
PLAY	plays sounds
PLIST	reports the property list of a name
PONS	prints all values
POPLS	prints all property lists
POPRS	prints all primitives
POPS	prints all user-defined procedures
POS	reports the position of the turtle
POTS	prints the headings of all user-defined procedures
POWER (^)	raises a number to the power of another number
PPOS	reports the turtle's polar position
PPROP	stores a property
PPROPS	stores a list of properties
:PRECISION	sets the precision in which numbers are printed
PREFS	contains all preference properties
PRIMITIVE?	checks its input for being a built-in procedure
PRINT (PR)	prints its inputs and a newline
PRINTLINE	prints a list of numbers as ASCII characters
PRINTOUT	prints procedures, values, or properties
PRINTQUOTE (PQ)	prints its input and a newline
PROCEDURE?	checks its input for being a user-defined procedure
PROCLIST	outputs a list of all user-defined procedures
PRODUCT (*)	calculates the product of its inputs
PSETHEADING	sets the polar heading of a turtle
"PURPLE	a color name
PUTBYTE	writes a data byte to the output stream
PUTBYTES	writes data bytes to the output stream and reads a reply
Q Top
QUIT	prompts to exit Logo
QUOTE	quotes its input
QUOTIENT (/)	reports the quotient of its inputs
R Top
RANDOM	outputs a random number
.RCX	outputs low-level commands to the RCX device
RCX.CLOSE	closes the communications channel to the RCX device
RCX.HALT	terminates any running program inside the RCX device
RCX.LAUNCH	launches a progrm inside the RCX device
RCX.LOG	adds an entry to the internal RCX log
RCX.NAMES	defines names for RCX variables
RCX.OPEN	establishes communication to the RCX device
RCX.PANEL	displays the RCX control panel
RCX.PLAY	plays a melody inside the RCX
RCX.POLL	polls the RCX
READ	reads one Logo word
READCHAR (RC)	reads a character
READLINE	reads a line and outputs it as a list of numbers
READLIST	reads a line and outputs it as a list
READPROMPT (RP)	opens a dialog box and reads a line
READQUOTE	reads a line
READWORD	reads the first word of a line
RECYCLE	starts the garbage collector
"RED	a color name
REMAINDER	outputs the remainder of two numbers
REMPROP	removes a property
RENAME	renames a file
REPEAT	runs a runlist repeatedly
RERANDOM	seeds the randum number generator
RESTART	restarts Logo and sets all defaults
RIGHT	turns the turtle right
ROBOT	activates a robot device
ROBOT.CLOSE	terminates the communication to a robot device
ROBOT.OPEN	activates a robot device
ROBOT.PANEL	display the Robot Control Panel
ROBOTFACTS	outputs charactertistcs about the robot device
ROUND	rounds a number
RUN	runs a list
S Top
SAVE	saves the workspace
SAVEENV	saves the environment
SAVEPIC	saves the contents of a graphics window
SAVESHAPE	saves a turtle shape
SAVESNAP	saves a bitmap
SEC	reports the secant
SENSOR	reads the value of a robot sensor
SENTENCE	combines its inputs to a list, flattening lists
SETACTIVEWINDOW (SETACTIVEW)	sets the name of the active window
SETBG	sets the background color
SETBGPATTERN	sets the background pattern
SETCURDIR	sets the current working directory
SETDISPLAY	defines the variable to be displayed in the RCX
SETEXTENT	sets the coordinate system extent of a turtle
SETFONT	sets the font of a turtle
SETHEADING	sets the heading of a turtle
SETLOGSIZE	defines the size of the internal RCX log
SETMOUSESHAPE	sets the shape of the mouse cursor
SETORIGIN	sets the origin of the coordinate system of a turtle
SETP	sets the polar position of a turtle
SETPATTERN	sets the turtle pattern
SETPC	sets the pen color
SETPEN	sets the pen characteristics
SETPOS	sets the position of a turtle
SETSENSOR	defines the characteristics of a RCX device sensor
SETSHAPE	sets the turtle shape
SETSPEED	Sets the speed in which turtle commands are executed
SETSTEPSIZE	Sets the step size for the specified object
SETTURTLENAME (SETTNAME)	defines a name for a turtle
SETTURTLES	defines a number of turtles
SETTURTLESIZE (SETTSIZE)	sets the size of a turtle
SETVELOCITY	Sets the independent movement speed of the turtle
SETWIDTH	sets the pen width
SETTWINDOW	attaches all active turtles to a window
SETWINSIZE	sets the size of a window
SETWPOS	sets the position of a window
SETX	sets the X coordinate of a turtle
SETXY	sets the position of a turtle
SETY	sets the Y coordinate of a turtle
SHAPE	outputs a bitmap
SHOW	prints its inputs
SHOWN?	checks whether a turtle is visible
SHOWTURTLE (ST)	shows a turtle
"SILVER	a color name
SIN	reports the sine
SLOWTURTLE	Slows the speed in which turtle commands are executed
SNAP	moves parts of the graphics window into a bitmap
SNAPSIZE	outputs the size of a bitmap
SPEED	Retrieves the speed in which turtle commands are executed
SPLITSCREEN	Restores the Listener and Graphics window layout
SQRT	reports the square root
STAMP	draw a bitmap
STAMPOVAL	draws an oval
STAMPRECT	draws a rectangle
:STANDARD.INPUT	the number of the input stream
:STANDARD.OUTPUT	the number of the output stream
STEPSIZE	sets movement distance for turtles and bitmaps
STOP	terminates a procedure
SUBST	subtitutes text in a word or a list
SUM (+)	reports the sum of its inputs
SWITCH?	checks the state of a switch of a robot device
T Top
:TAB	sets the tab stop position
TELL	defines a list of objects listening to commands
TELLALL	tells a range of turtle nubmers
TELLEVEN	tells all turtles with even numbers
TELLODD	tells all turtles with odd numbers
TEST	test a condition. Used with IFTRUE and IFFALSE
TEXT	outputs a procedure definition
TEXTARRAY	converts the contents of a bytearray into a word
TEXTSCREEN	maximizes the Listener window
THEN	part of the IF command
THING	reports the value of a name
THROW	throws a runtime error
TIME	outputs the time
TO	opens the procedure defintion window
TOOLBAR	the name of the toolbar window
TOOLBOX	the name of the toolbox window
TOPLEVEL	returns to toplevel
TOWARDS	reports the angle of a position compared to the turtle position
:TRACE	causes trace output to the Listener
TURTLENAME (TNAME)	reports the name of a turtle
TURTLENAMES (TNAMES)	output s a list of all known turtle names
TURTLES	outputs a list of all turtles
TURTLESIZE	reports the size of a turtle
TURTLETEXT (TT)	lets the turtle print a text
TWINDOW	outputs the name of the window of the first active turtle
TYPE	prints its inputs
TYPEOF	reports the type of a name
U Top
UNBURY	unburies a name
UNBURYALL	unburies all names
UNBURYNAME	unburies a value
UNBURYPROC	unburies a procedure definition
UNBURYPROP	unburies a property
UNGETBYTE	pushes back one byte to the input stream
UNLOCKSHAPE	lets a turtle shape rotate according to the turtle's heading
UPPERCASE	converts its argument to upper case
:USERNAME	contains the login name of the user
V Top
VELOCITY	Retrieves the independent movement speed of the turtle
VERSION (VER)	outputs the Logo version and computer operating system
W Top
WAIT	waits for a number of milliseconds
WHILE	runs a list until a condition is false
"WHITE	a color name
.WHO	reports a list of objects listening to commands
WHO	reports a list of objects listening to commands
WIDTH	reports the pen width
WINDOW	removes the boundary for turtle movements
.WINDOWS	Call the Windows API (Windows version only)
WINSIZE	reports the size of a window
WORD	concatenates its inputs to a word
WORD?	checks its input for being a word
WORKSPACE	contains the workspace size and the number of colors
WORKSPACE.VIEW	displays the Workspace View dialog
WPOS	outputs the position of a window
WRAP	lets the turtles wrap inside the window
X Top
XCOR	reports the X coordinate of the turtle's position
Y Top
"YELLOW	a color name
YCOR	reports the Y coordinate of the turtle's position
Comparison Top
.EQ (=)	tests for equality
.NE (!= <>)	tests for inequality
.GT (>)	tests for its first input being greater than its 2nd input
.GE (>=)	tests for its first input being greater than or equal to its 2nd input
.LT (<)	tests for its first input being less than its 2nd input
.LE (<=)	tests for its first input being less than or equal to its 2nd input
Number Prefixes Top
#B	binary numbers
#D	decimal numbers
#H	hexadecimal numbers
#O	octal numbers